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  • Countries per continent
  • Africa
  • America
  • Asia
  • Europe
  • Oceania

Use the ISO 3166 country code to locate any topic's #tagcoding hashtag and promote its digital recognition.

Country ISO
Algeria DZ
Angola AO
Benin BJ
Botswana BW
Burkina Faso BF
Burundi BI
Cameroon CM
Cape Verde CV
Central African Republic CF
Chad TD
Comoros KM
Congo, Dem. Rep. CD
Congo, Rep. CG
Côte d'Ivoire CI
Djibouti DJ
Egypt, Arab. Rep. EG
Equatorial Guinea GQ
Eritrea ER
Ethiopia ET
Gabon GA
Gambia, the GM
Ghana GH
Guinea GN
Guinea-Bissau GW
Kenya KE
Lesotho LS
Liberia LR
Libya LY
Madagascar MG
Malawi MW
Mali ML
Mauritania MR
Mauritius MU
Morocco MA
Mozambique MZ
Namibia NA
Niger NE
Nigeria NG
Rwanda RW
São Tomé and Príncipe ST
Senegal SN
Seychelles SC
Sierra Leone SL
Somalia SO
South Africa ZA
South Sudan SS
Sudan SD
Swaziland SZ
Tanzania TZ
Togo TG
Tunisia TN
Uganda UG
Zambia ZM
Zimbabwe ZW
Country ISO
Antigua and Barbuda AG
Argentina AR
Bahamas BS
Barbados BB
Belize BZ
Bolivia BO
Brazil BR
Canada CA
Chile CL
Colombia CO
Costa Rica CR
Cuba CU
Dominica DM
Dominican Republic DO
Ecuador EC
El Salvador SV
Grenada GD
Guatemala GT
Guyana GY
Haiti HT
Honduras HN
Jamaica JM
Mexico MX
Nicaragua NI
Panama PA
Paraguay PY
Peru PE
Puerto Rico PR
St. Kitts and Nevis KN
St. Lucia LC
St. Vincent and the Grenadines VC
Suriname SR
Trinidad and Tobago TT
United States US
Uruguay UY
Venezuela, R.B. VE
Country ISO
Afghanistan AF
Bahrain BH
Bangladesh BD
Bhutan BT
Brunei Darussalam BN
Cambodia KH
China CN
Hong Kong, China HK
India IN
Indonesia ID
Iran, Islamic Rep. IR
Iraq IQ
Israel IL
Japan JP
Jordan JO
Kazakhstan KZ
Korea, North KP
Korea, Rep. KR
Kuwait KW
Kyrgyz Republic KG
Lao PDR LA
Lebanon LB
Malaysia MY
Maldives MV
Mongolia MN
Myanmar MM
Nepal NP
Oman OM
Pakistan PK
Philippines PH
Qatar QA
Saudi Arabia SA
Singapore SG
Sri Lanka LK
Syrian Arab Republic SY
Taiwan, China TW
Tajikistan TJ
Thailand TH
Timor-Leste TL
Turkey TR
Turkmenistan TM
United Arab Emirates AE
Uzbekistan UZ
Vietnam VN
West Bank and Gaza PS
Yemen, Rep. YE
Country ISO
Albania AL
Armenia AM
Austria AT
Azerbaijan AZ
Belarus BY
Belgium BE
Bosnia and Herzegovina BA
Bulgaria BG
Croatia HR
Cyprus CY
Czech Republic CZ
Denmark DK
Estonia EE
Finland FI
France FR
Georgia GE
Germany DE
Greece GR
Hungary HU
Iceland IS
Ireland IE
Italy IT
Kosovo KV
Latvia LV
Lithuania LT
Luxembourg LU
Macedonia, FYR MK
Malta MT
Moldova MD
Montenegro ME
Netherlands NL
Norway NO
Poland PL
Portugal PT
Romania RO
Russian Federation RU
Serbia RS
Slovak Republic SK
Slovenia SI
Spain ES
Sweden SE
Switzerland CH
Ukraine UA
United Kingdom GB
Country ISO
Australia AU
Fiji FJ
Kiribati KI
Marshall Islands MH
Micronesia, Fed. Sts. FM
New Zealand NZ
Palau PW
Papua New Guinea PG
Samoa WS
Solomon Islands SB
Tonga TO
Vanuatu VU

  • Societal Architecture
  • Hashtags for ...


Author/editor:


  • #fightingUntruthsOnline ?
  • _M
  • _C
  • _D
  • _F
  • _P
  • _S
  • Source

#tagcoding postfixes for types of online untruths:
_M : Misinformation
_C : Conceptual deception
_D : Disinformation
_F : Fake news
_P : Propaganda
_S : Satire

Misinformation refers to false or misleading information that is shared unknowingly and is not intended to deliberately deceive, manipulate or inflict harm on a person, social group, organisation or country.

Contextual deception refers to the use of true but not necessarily related information to frame an event, issue or individual (e.g. a headline that does not match the corresponding article), or the misrepresentation of facts to support one’s narrative (e.g. to deliberately delete information that is essential context to understanding the original meaning). The way in which facts are used is disingenuous and with the intent to manipulate people or cause harm.

Disinformation refers to verifiably false or misleading information that is knowingly and intentionally created and shared for economic gain or to deliberately deceive, manipulate or inflict harm.

Fake news refers to false information that is purposefully crafted, sensational, emotionally charged, misleading or totally fabricated information that mimics the form of mainstream news. Fake news can be wholly fabricated or a mix of fact and fiction.

Propaganda refers to the activity or content adopted and propagated by governments, private firms, non-profits, and individuals to manage collective attitudes, values, narratives, and opinions.

Satire is defined as language, film or other works of art that use humor and exaggeration to critique people or ideas, often as a form of social or political commentary.

Lesher, M., H. Pawelec and A. Desai (2022), "Disentangling untruths online: Creators, spreaders and how to stop them", Going Digital Toolkit Note, No. 23


Note by the editors: Copyright
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page revision: 39, last edited: 24 Mar 2017 17:48
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